marshall



2 Sheets-Sheet I. A.-J. MARSHALL Ventilating and Warming Railroad Ca rs. No. 67,894. PatbntdAUgL '20, I867.

m l A I m fhesses."

J. MARSHALL. Ventilating and Wafming. Railroa d Car's.

No. 67,894. l

2 S fieetssheet I Patented Aug. 20, 1867 terminates infa horisontal conduit, C, which in. cross-section may be elliptienl and which maybe equal in width to the width of the passenger coaches. This conduit embraces the upper port of the smoke-stuck C, and formsit kind of double roofing over the locomotive and its pilot-house, os shown in fig. 1. It terminates at the rear. end of the pilot-house, above the junction of the locomotive with the tender, and has n ilexiblo pipe, D,euitably applied toit, for forming an air-tight connection with the conduit.()' over the tender. At. the rear end of this conduit,'over the tender-,0, slmilnr flexible pipo', D, connects with thelront end of. the conduit C which is con; structed upon the passenger couch, and which forms the roof thereof,- ns shown in figs. 1, 2, and 3. Each passenger coach is constructed with a double roof or air-conduit, C, as shown in fig. 2, and these conduits should all communicate with the conduit G- over the'locomotive, and form's continuous uninterrupted passage for air beck to thorcar. end of the renrmost coach in the train, oi: which point the conduit is tightly closed, so that no air cnln escn'pe. The flexible connections or pipes D which unite the severohconduits; are designed tovbe made so to n of he m be n} {ind-vertical inotions of the several carringcs, and also to accommodate them solves to the motions of the car-ridges in turning curves of the rond.- These connections may "b2; made of rubber I cloth suitably protected from-injury, fond so applied totlie ends of 'the"conduits no to admit of being quickly" removed and attached when 'thelcar'riages are uncoupledund' coupled. .These flexible couplings D will form'- ceverings fortho platforms'of coaches coupledtogethegnnd to protect passengers end others passing from one coochto another in, bidweather. It ie designed in practice to'eniploya secondary roof of a, single thickness, arranged a short distanccf above the conduit or'double'roof, for the purpose of protecting the air therein from becomingLheated by theinfluence of the sun. I am aware that-prior to my invention a small pipe lea-ding beck from a fan upon the locomotive, and communicating with tholinterior of several couches, has been employed for purposes'of ventilation and purificntion, but Jn suchbontrivitnc'e a double air-conduit. roof for each passenger coach was not contemplated, nor-was the forcing-fun urr'nnged in front. of the locomotive, where pure ci'r only could he'o'htninedg Ido not, therefore,"luy oloimbrondly to the principle of forcing air i'ntocoaches icy-"means of n-pneumutic engine locatedupon the locomotive.- It willib'e seen that I locate a pneumatic engino direotl'y in front of; the locomotive boiler and smoke stuck, and construct a conduit leading from it, which extends beck over the locomotive,: and forms a roof, into-which I force air in such quantities, whether the train be .in motion or at rest, that the pressure'of airjtheroinwill greatly exceed the external pressure. At each end of each coach I make openings .0 a of suitable capacity, which maybe provided with sliding-valves a, figs, 5 and'ti,v attached to 'the' doors of the couch in such m'annerthst when these doors are open the passages c willhe closed,

and when the doors are shut the 'saidppssageewill be open. These passsges a a commnn icate with what Ishull hereafter term the secondary conduits E E, which extend longitudinally along-thereof inside of the coach, and which may be equal, or nearly so, in width to thewidth oi the-seats below, as shown in figs. 3 ends. I These secondary cehduits are designed for. receiving air from-the primary conduit or reservoir between the two walls or thicknesses of the'rrpoflbndditributirig this air eqnuhiy into vertical passages Z b iwhich lend downward a suitable distance between the passenger seats, and have registers 0 applied to them, as shown in 63.2. By means of these passages and-theirrespective-registers each passenger can obtain pure air in suitable volumes withoutinconvenience'to' his or her fellow-passenger. These air-induction passages may'be nri'anged at any desired height above the floor of the car. The object'ol' making the secondary 'over head conduits'ot' the width shown is to provide for the use of flexible hose, '.as shown at 01, fig. 3, for each passenger; Such hose will be attached to suitable valvular couplings applied to the secondary conduits, and may be used or not the option ofth'e passengers. Instead of using the pride conduits E, they may be made in the form oihollow oornices.

around the coach for distributing-air to theseveral descending passages b'." For'the purpose of ohteining a gen. eral' supply of :iir into the'coach'suitnble openings should bemade at the ends of the'conch, communicating with the secondary air-conduit, and these openings should be'providedviith suituble registers, so thct the supplyof'eir' can be. regulated or out-oil entirely by persons employed on the t'rnin. .It isdesigned to force oirinto the coach or coaches through the lest-mentioned registers i'rom the seconds! conduit in such quantities that the'pressnre of cir inside the.coaches-shnll'exceedtho externol pressure. By this mecns foul eir and dust will be'expelled, and there-will nbt be'a tendency of such-impurities to ententhe'conchesI To avoid any inconveniencefto the passengers from a supe'riihuudiiuce of-ainbrfrom the air base "a given pressure, I provide exit-valves e e, at suitable points, which are held closed by springs, and which can be ming impacted or condensed above adjusted nn'dsetto open at any given pressure. Similar exit-valves may be applied to the sides of the primorv conduit, which will allow of the escape of'air above a given pressure. s

For ventilating and warming theco'aches during the winter months the cold air. direct from the fan will be shut oil from the registers. The-stove F'w-il}-be encased within an air-tight' jaeket, -G,- shown in fig. 2, which jacket wilhcoininunicu-te by means ot'aconduit, f, with the primary conduit, so that the cold'air will be first deliversdjnto this jacket at its bottom, thence rise and become warmed-and pass out at the top through is com duit, -g, as indicated by the arrows in fig. 2. The pipe or conduit 9 is carried along beneath the ear-seats and made to communicate with branch passages, go, beneath or between each seat... These brunch passages may be made with double inclined sides, as shown in fig. 2, so as' to serve as t'dot-restmnnd each one of them should be provided with registers in h',-s0 that the-passenger s sitting'in the; seats can supply themselves individually with w'arni air, or cut of the-supply, at pleasure; There will been opening through the pipe or conduit g, near-the heating apparatus, which should be provided with a register for the purpose of. supplying'air generally to the coach. "This; register-opening may be applied to the upperVpurt of the casing which surrounds the stove or furnace, or it may be'arranged wherever found most convenient, the object being'to have ageneral supply of warm air separate fromithe distributing registers beneath the seats. Advuntuge may be taken of thecondensed air in the cns ingiG'forsupplying the fire therewith for ,the purpose of increasing the combustion of the fuel. .This'supply of 'air to tho fnr'ncce fire-chamber should be under thecontrol of persons employed on the tram.

of' my invention; vhielif I donot desire to confine my intention to the precise arrangement ofdistributing pipes, nor to the minber of such pipes nndn iegi sters herein shown and described,.ns the arrangement ofthesepipes or-conduits, leading i'romtthe secondary conduit m ay 'be greatly changed and modified without depgrting from the principle Sl7hfi li dilulfi llig plOVlSiOn for equnblydis'trib'uting throughout one or a nurnber of cars or couches nia-rriror coo rirntnkeiizfroni the front of the. locomotive boiler and smoke stock by the employ ment, inconjun etiori ivithjnfimiin; or primary eonduityof asecondnry conduit and a. multiplicity of smull'service 'ccnduitsjprorideiijirith'registers und urr'unged for the use of each-one of 'the passengers riding in at coach. By .this purtof: myliinv enti on" I obviatsth'e' objection nnd' annoyance of admitting strong currents of air into the couchesdirectlzy fipih the prim'nryicondhit, and I introduce the air from a. large reservoir, where it is highly condensed, throng! gsai nunhor-ersmn ventricles disposed its to utl'o'rdg'n uniform ventilation, purificm tio'n, end dis'tributi n I V i r i s i I The inrention hrein' setfoi'thfis applicable by suitable modifications to the ventilation and warming of stenrn nnd other,v'esscis; sit d clso-to'the ventilation and warming upurtments of buildings? r Having deseribedmy inventionfyhatl claim asTnew -and desire to secure by Letters Patent, i's-- L, In combination \i'it h utpheumatic e'ngine which is arranged in frontof alocon'iotive, and adapted for being driren by m'ennsof'hn engihe operatingindependently of the locomotive driving-"engine, I claim 'the arrangement of primary conduit, constructed as described, with flexible connections, andforming the roof of the passengenccsch, nnd udaipted disc to'serve-ns a. niediumthrough which to supply and condenseair in such coach, substantiullylas described. l V I 2; In' combinutionnvith a. primtnj conduit, 0', for conductingair and formingftli'iroofof aruilway coach,

as described, I'claiin the secondnrytconduits E; arranged rithin the cur nndcoinmunicnting with the said primary conduits for the purpose of abundnntly distributing pure air to service pipes b b, which are provided with registers, c, and arranged suhstantiullyas deschibed. I

3. In combination within railivay coach having a. double roof or-uincoriduit coulumnicuting n'ith and receiring sir from a. forcing-enginearranged uponithe iocoinotire, I claim means, substantially described, for worming said air and distributing it throughout the-coach, substantially, asidescribedr I c 4. The warm-air distributing-conduits.or foot-rests gg applied beneath or 'betn'een the seats of" a railway coach provided with registers und communicating vith air-heating apparatus,substantially as described.

' lathe mutter. of..my appl ication..for a pntent witness my hand. 4 n i A. J. MARSHALL? ts esses r Bow. Scnnrru; WALTER HINDHMAN. 

